Part III
9.
Nationalism
,
Ethnic Parties and Democratisation
Required:
Snyder, Jack L. 2000. From
voting to violence: democratization and nationalist conflict (New York: W W
Norton), ch. 1 - [PC]
Zakaria F. 1997.The Rise of
Illiberal Democracy, Foreign Affairs, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 22-43 -
Business Source Premier
Case: Africa
and Asia: Ethnic Parties and Party Systems
Horowitz, Donald L. 1985 Ethnic
Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press), ch. 8 - 305.8 HOR –
[PC]
Recommended:
Nationalism
and Democracy: Flip Sides of the Same Coin?
*Spencer
,
P. and H. Wollmann. 2002. Nationalism: A Critical
Introduction (
London
: Sage)
,
ch. 5 ('nationalism and democracy') - 320.54
SPE
*Horowitz
,
Donald L. 1985.
Ethnic Groups in Conflict (
Berkeley
:
University
of
California
Press) -
305.8 HOR – [PC]
*Snyder
,
Jack L. 2000. From voting to violence: democratization
and nationalist conflict (
New York
: W W Norton) - [PC]
*Wimmer
,
Andreas. 2002. Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict:
Shadows of Modernity. (
Cambridge
,
UK
,
Cambridge
University
Press)
,
esp. ch. 3 – [
NIS
]
*Norris
,
Pippa and Mattes
,
Robert. 2003. "Does Ethnicity Determine Support for the
Governing Party? The Structural and Attitudinal Basis of Partisan Identification
in 12 African Nations" (February 2003). KSG Working Paper Series No.
RWP03-009. http://ssrn.com/abstract=385209
Mozaffar
,
Shaheen
,
James R. Scarritt
,
and Glen Galaich. 2003. “Electoral Institutions
,
Ethnopolitical Cleavages
,
and Party Systems in
Africa
’s Emerging Democracies.” American
Political Science Review 97(August):379–90.
*Conversi
,
Daniele. 1997. The Basques
,
the Catalans
,
and
Spain
: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilization. (
London
:
Hurst
)
,
ch. 6 - 320.540946 CON
*
Linz
,
Juan J.
and Alfred Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation
:
Southern
Europe
,
South
America
,
and
Post-Communist
Europe
. (
Baltimore
: Johns
Hopkins
) Chs. 1 and 2 - 321.809045 LIN
*Mansfield, Edward D. and Jack Snyder. 1995. '
Democratization and the Danger of War,'
International Security, Vol. 20, No. 1. pp. 5-38
- JSTOR
Mann, M.
2004. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press) - [NIS] -
see also symposium on the
book in volume 4, 2006 of Political Studies Review
Rothschild, Joseph, Ethnopolitics:
a Conceptual Framework (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981) – [NIS]
Esman, Milton J. 1994. Ethnic
Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press) – [NIS]
Glickman,
Harvey (ed.). 1995. Ethnic Conflict and Democratisation in Africa
(Atlanta, GA: African Studies Association Press) – [NIS]
Ottaway, M. 1994. Democratization
and ethnic nationalism: African and Eastern European experiences (Overseas
Development Council) – [NIS]
Harris,
Erika. 2002. Nationalism and Democratisation: the politics of Slovakia and Slovenia (Aldershot and
Burlington, VT: Ashgate) – [NIS]
Tismaneanu, V.
1998. Fantasies of salvation: Democracy, nationalism and myth in
post-communist Europe (Princeton ; Chichester : Princeton University Press).
– [NIS]
MacFarlane, S. 1997. 'Democratization,
nationalism and regional security in the Southern Caucasus,' Government and
Opposition Vol. 32 (3): 399-420 - Reference only
O' Leary, B. 1997. 'On the
Nature of Nationalism: A Critical Appraisal of Ernest Gellner's Writings on
Nationalism,' British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 27, No. 2 -
JSTOR
Matic, D. 1999. 'Understanding
the Role of Nationalism in New Democracies,' Collegium Antropologicum,
Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 231-24 – [JNIS]
*Ringmar,
E. 1998. 'Nationalism: the idiocy of intimacy,' British Journal of Socioliogy,
Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 534-549 - Business Source Premier
Keller
,
J. 1992. 'Nationalism as an unintended consequence of the
democratization of society
,
' Sociologicky Casopis
,
Vol. 28
,
No. 1
,
pp. 38-48 – [JNIS]
Calhoun C. 1993. 'Nationalism And Civil-Society - Democracy
,
Diversity
And Self-Determination
,
'
International Sociology
,
Vol. 8
,
No. 4
,
pp.
387-411 – [JNIS]
Denitch
,
B. 1996.
'National identity
,
Politics
and Democracy
,
'
Social Science Information
,
Vol. 35
,
No. 3
,
pp.
459-483 – [JNIS]
Zuo
,
J. and R. Benford. 1995. 'Mobilization Processes and the
1989 Chinese Democracy Movement
,
' Sociological Quarterly
,
Vol. 36
,
No. 1
,
pp. 131-156 – [JNIS]
Pfaff
,
S. 2002.
Nationalism
,
charisma
,
and
plebiscitary leadership: The problem of democratization in Max Weber's political
sociology
,
Sociological Inquiry
,
Vol. 72
,
No. 1
,
pp.
81-107 – [JNIS]
Hansen
,
T.B. 2001. The saffron wave: Democracy and Hindu
nationalism in modern
India
(
New Delhi
and
Oxford
: OUP) - 294.550954 HAN
Corbridge S
and Harriss J. 2000. Reinventing
India
: Liberalization
,
Hindu nationalism and popular democracy (
Cambridge
: Polity) – [
NIS
]
Rizman
,
R. 2000. 'The relevance of nationalism for democratic
citizenship
,
' Javnost-The Public
,
Vol. 7
,
No. 1
,
pp. 5-13 – [JNIS]
Forsythe, David P. 1992.
'Democracy, war and covert action,' Journal of Peace Research, vol. 29,
no. 4, pp. 385-95 - JSTOR
Nationalism vs. Democracy
*Oommen, T. K. 1994. ' Religious
Nationalism and Democratic Polity - The Indian Case,' Sociology of Religion,
Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 455-472 - G6(Vernon)
*Dzur, A.W. 2002. 'Nationalism,
liberalism, and democracy,' Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 1,
pp. 191-211 – [JNIS]
Nedelsky
N. 2003. 'Constitutional nationalism's implications for minority rights and
democratization: the case of Slovakia,' Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol.
26, no. 1, pp. 102-128 - INGENTA
Berezin, M. 1999. 'Democracy and
its others in a global polity - Introduction,' International Sociology,
Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 227-243 – [JNIS]
Ward, M. and K.
Gleditsch. 1998. 'Democratising for Peace,' American Political Science Review, Vol. 92,
No. 1, pp. 51-61 - JSTOR
Starr, Harvey. 1997. 'Democracy
and integration: Why democracies don't fight each other,' Journal of Peace
Research, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 153-62 - JSTOR
Essay Question
·
Assess the thesis that democatisation leads to
increased ethnic conflict.
10. Ethnic
Violence and Genocide
Required:
Gurr, T. and B.
Harff. 2003. Ethnic
conflict in world politics (2nd ed) (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), ch. 5
(Conflict and Mobilization) -
KDJ [Gur]
Palmer ,
Alison. 'Colonial and Modern Genocide: Explanations and Categories.' Ethnic and
Racial Studies , 21:1 (January 1998) , pp. 89-115 - INGENTA
Intro,
Hoeffler, Anke and
William Zartman, debate the
theme of 'Greed and Grievance in Civil War,' Studies in Ethnicity and
Nationalism, pp. 271-285, 298-307
Case: Armenia
Adanir, F. (2001). 'Armenian
deportations and massacres in 1915,' in D. Chirot & M. E. P. Seligman
(Eds.), Ethnopolitical warfare: Causes, consequences, and possible solutions
(Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), pp. 71-81 - [PC]
Recommended:
Ethnic
Violence
* Fearon, J. and D. Laitin. 2003. 'Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War', American Political Science Review 97, 1 (February 2003), 75-90
*Wolff
,
S. and Karl Cordell. 2006. Ethnic
Conflict (
Cambridge
: Polity)
,
forthcoming
*Tilly
,
C. 2003. The Politics of Collective Violence (
Cambridge
:
Cambridge
University
Press) – [
NIS
]
*Horowitz
,
Donald L. 1985.
Ethnic Groups in Conflict (
Berkeley
:
University
of
California Press
)
,
chs. 11-12 -
305.8 HOR – [PC]
*Gurr
,
Ted Robert and Anne Pitsch. 2003. "Ethnopolitical
Conflict and Separatist Violence
,
" in Wilhelm Heitmeyer and John Hagan (eds.)
,
The International Handbook of Violence Research (
Dordrecht
,
London
: Kluwer) – [JNIS]
*Horowitz
,
D. 2001. The Deadly Ethnic Riot (
Berkeley
:
University
of
California
Press) - [PC]
*Varshney, A.
2003. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life:
Hindus and Muslims in India (New Haven, CT: Yale)
*Bonneuil, Noel and Nadia
Auriat. 2000. 'Fifty Years of Ethnic Conflict and Cohesion: 1945-94,' Journal
of Peace Research, Vol. 37, No. 5., pp. 563-581. - JSTOR
Newman, Saul and Piroth, Scott.
1996. "Terror and Tolerance: The Use of Ballots, Bombs and Bullets by
Ethnoregional Movements in Advanced Industrial Democracies." Nationalism
and Ethnic Politics 2, no. 3: 381-414.
- Reference only
*Snyder, Jack L. 2000. From
Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict (New York: W.
W. Norton) - [PC]
Dassel, K.1998. 'Civilians,
Soldiers and Strife: Domestic Sources of International Aggression,' International
Security, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 107-140 - JSTOR
Smith, Anthony D. 1981. 'War and
ethnicity: the role of warfare in the formation, self-image and cohesion of
ethnic communities,' Ethnic and
Racial Studies, vol. 4, nº 4, pp. 375-397 - CE Library - I33
& Reference
*Marshall, Monty G. and Ted
Robert Gurr. 2003. Peace and Conflict 2003: A Global Survey of Armed
Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and Democracy (College Park, MD:
Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research) – [NIS]
*Hechter, Michael. 1995.
'Explaining nationalist violence,' Nations and Nationalism, vol. 1, no.
1, pp. 53-68- INGENTA
*Conversi
,
Daniele. 1997. The Basques
,
the Catalans
,
and
Spain
: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilization.
(
London
:
Hurst
)
,
ch. 9 - 320.540946 CON
Braathen
,
Einar
,
Morten Bøås
,
Gjermund Saether. 2000. Ethnicity Kills?: The Politics of
War
,
Peace and Ethnicity in Sub-Saharan
Africa
(
Basingstoke
: Macmillan) – [
NIS
]
Kalyvas
,
S. (2002). The logic of violence in civil war. Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid
,
Working Paper pp.
1-23 – [JNIS]
Snyder
,
J.
,
& Jervis
,
R. (1999). Civil war and the security dilemma. In B. Walter
& J. Snyder (Eds.)
,
Civil wars
,
insecurity
,
and intervention (
New York
: Columbia University Press) pp. 15-37 – [
NIS
]
Laitin
,
D. 1998 "Identity and Ethnic Violence" chapter 12
of Laitin
,
David. 1998. Identity
in Formation: The Russian Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad (
Ithaca
,
NY
: Cornell)
Brubaker
,
Rogers
,
and David D. Laitin. 1998. "Ethnic and Nationalist
Violence."
,
Annual Review of Sociology
24:423-452 – [JNIS]
Stuart J.
Kaufman. 2001.
Modern Hatreds: The
Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (
Ithaca
,
NY
:
Cornell
University
Press) pp. 1-48
,
165-221 – [
NIS
]
Van den
Berghe
,
Pierre
(ed.) 1990. State
,
Violence and Ethnicity (
Niwot
,
CO
: University Press of
Colorado
) - 323.49 STA [PC]
Stewart
,
Pamela J. and A. Strathern. 2002. Violence: theory and
ethnography (
London
: Continuum) – [
NIS
]
Kissane
,
Bill. 2000. "Nineteenth-Century Nationalism in
Finland
and
Ireland
: A Comparative Analysis."
,
Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 6
,
no. 2
,
pp. 25-42 - Reference only
Jowitt
,
K. (2001). ‘Ethnicity:
Nice
,
nasty
,
and nihilistic.’ in D. Chirot & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.)
,
Ethnopolitical warfare: Causes
,
consequences
,
and possible solutions. (
Washington
,
DC
: American Psychological Association.)
pp. 27-36 - [PC]
Berkowitz
,
Leonard. 1990. "Biological Roots: Are Humans Inherently
Violent?" in Betty Glad ed. Psychological Dimensions of War (London:
Sage
,
1990)
,
pp. 24-40 – [
NIS
]
Genocide
*Cigar
,
N. 1995. Genocide in
Bosnia
: the policy of "ethnic cleansing"
(
College Station
: Texas A & M University Press) – [
NIS
]
*Horowitz, D. 2001. The Deadly
Ethnic Riot (Berkeley: University of California Press), ch. 13 - [PC]
Power
,
Samantha. 2002. “A Problem From Hell”:
America
and the Age of Genocide. (
New York
: Harper Collins) – [
NIS
]
Kiernan
,
B. (2001). ‘The
ethnic element in the Cambodian genocide
,
’ in D. Chirot & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.)
,
Ethnopolitical warfare: Causes
,
consequences
,
and possible solutions
(
Washington
,
DC
: American Psychological Association) pp. 83-91 - [PC]
Prunier
,
G.
(2001). ‘Genocide in
Rwanda
,
’ in D.
Chirot & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.)
,
Ethnopolitical
warfare: Causes
,
consequences
,
and
possible solutions (
Washington
,
DC
: American
Psychological Association)
pp. 109-116 - [PC]
Marrus
,
M. 1989. The
Holocaust in History (
London
: Penguin)
- LHMd [Mar] [PC]
Chalk
,
Fran
k and Kurt Jonassohn (eds). 1990. The history and
sociology of genocide: analyses and case studies (
New Haven
: Yale University Press) - 364.15109 CHA [PC]
Goldhagen
,
Daniel J. 1996. Hitler's Willing Executioners (
London
: Little
,
Brown) - 943.0860922 GOL
Rummel
,
R. J. 1994. Death by Government. (
New Brunswick
,
N.J.
: Transaction Publishers)
,
esp. ch 1 and conclusion – [
NIS
]
Fein
,
H. 1990. 'Genocide: a sociological perspective
,
' Current Sociology
,
Vol. 38
,
No.1. - Malet Street
Melson
,
Robert. 1992. Revolution and Genocide: on the origins of
the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust (
Chicago
:
University
of
Chicago Press
) – [
NIS
]
Ethnic
Cleansing
Mann, M.
2004. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press) - [NIS] -
see also symposium on the
book in volume 4, 2006 of Political Studies Review
Palmer
,
Alison. 1992. "Ethnocide
,
" in Michael N. Dobkowski and Isidor Walliman
,
eds.
,
Genocide in Our Time: An Annotated Bibliography with
Analytical Introductions (
Ann Arbor
: Pierian Press)
,
Ch.
1 – [
NIS
]
Carmichael
,
Cathie. 2002. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans:
Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition (
London
: Routledge) – [
NIS
]
Conquest
,
Robert. 1970. The Nation Killers. The Soviet Deportation
of Nationalities. (
New York
: Macmillan)
,
ch.2 - 325.2347 CON
Taylor
,
John G. 1991 "As Bad as
Biafra
: population resettlement and starvation
,
" in John Taylor (ed.)
,
Indonesia
's Forgotten War. The Hidden History of
East Timor
. (
London
: Zed Books) – [
NIS
]
Birch
,
Julian. 1995. "Ethnic Cleansing in the
Caucasus
." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1
,
no. 4: 90-107 -
Reference only
Essay Question
·
Why do some ethnic conflicts turn violent?
11. 'The View from Ground
Level' - Microfoundations of Civil War: Outbidding, Spoilers, Militias
Required:
Horowitz, D. L. (1985). Ethnic Groups in
Conflict. Berkeley, University of California Press., chs. 8 and 12.
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2003.
“The Ontology of ‘Political Violence’: Action and Identity in Civil Wars.”
Perspectives on Politics 1 (3): 475-94
Case: South Sudan and
Rwanda
Kaufman, Stuart J. 2006.
'Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic
Violence.' International Security, Volume 30, Number 4, Spring 2006, pp.
45-86
also brief book review/critique of Kaufman's book:
King
C. 2001. The Myth of Ethnic Warfare: Understanding Conflict in the Post-Cold War
World, Foreign Affairs Vol. 80, No. 6 (Nov. - Dec., 2001), pp. 165-170.
Recommended:
Microfoundations of Civil War (Rational Choice Perspectives)
Bakke, Kristin. 2009. '
Shirts Today, Skins Tomorrow: The Effects of Fragmentation on Civil War
Processes and Outcomes', ISA conference paper (forthcoming in Journal of
Conflict Resolution, 2012)
*Weinstein,
Jeremy. 2007. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
*Collier, P. and A. Hoeffler (2004). "Greed and
grievance in civil war." Oxford Economic Papers-New Series 56(4):
563-595.
*Humphreys, Macartan and
Jeremy Weinstein. 2006. “Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War.”
American Political Science Review 100 (3): 429-447
*Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006.
The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kaufmann C. 1996. “Possible
and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars.” International Security 20 (4):
136–7.
Johnston,
Patrick. 2007. “Negotiated Settlements and Government Strategy in Civil Wars:
Evidence from Darfur.” Civil Wars 9 (4): 359-377.
Walter, Barbara
F. 2006. “Building Reputation: Why Governments Fight Some Separatists but Not
Others.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (2): 313-330.
Kydd, A. and B
Walter. 2006. 'The strategies of terrorism', International Security, VOL. 31,
issue 1, pp. 49-62
Walter, Barbara
F. and Andrew Kydd. 2002. “Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist
Violence.” International Organization 56(2): 263-296.
Stathis N. Kalyvas and Matthew Adam Kocher. 2007.
Ethnic Cleavages and Irregular
War: Iraq and Vietnam.
Politics and Society, 35:2, 183-223.
Nicolas Sambanis. 2001. “Do Ethnic and Nonethnic
Civil Wars Have the Same
Causes?” Journal of
Conflict Resolution. 45(4): 259-82.
Fotini Christia, 2008. “Following the Money:
Muslim versus Muslim in Bosnia’s Civil
War,” Comparative
Politics, July 2008.
Macartan Humphreys and Jeremy Weinstein, “Who
Fights? The Determinants of
Participation in Civil War” (with M. Humphreys).
American Journal of Political
Science (April 2008).
Shapiro, Jacob.
2007. “Terrorist Organizations’ Vulnerabilities and Inefficiencies: A Rational
Choice Perspective,” in Jeanne Giraldo and Harold Trinkunas (eds.), Terrorism
Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective, Stanford: Stanford
University Press.
Ethnic Outbidding and Spoilers (non-RCT
pespectives):
*Stuart J. Kaufman,
Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (New York: Cornell
University Press, 2001). esp. Chapters 1 and 2.
*Stephen Stedman, “Spoiler
Problems in Peace Processes,” International Security 22 (2) (Autumn
1997): 5-53.
*Mitchell, P, Evans, G and B. O'Leary. 2009.
'Extremist Outbidding in Ethnic Party Systems is Not Inevitable: Tribune Parties
in Northern Ireland', Political Studies, 57, 2, pp 397-421
Toft, Monica
Duffy. 2003. The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the
Indivisibility of Territory. Princeton University Press.
*Toft, Monica
Duffy. 2006. “Indivisible Territory, Geographic Concentration, and Ethnic War.”
Security Studies 12 (2): 82-119.
Boyle, MJ. 2008. 'Bargaining, Fear, and Denial:
Explaining Violence Against Civilians in Iraq 2004-2007,' paper presented at
International-Studies-Association
Greenhill, Kelly M., and
Solomon Major. 2007. “The Perils of Profiling: Civil War Spoilers and the
Collapse of Intrastate Peace Accords.” International Security 31 (3):
7-40.
Bloom, M. 2004.
'Palestinian suicide bombing: public support, market share, and outbidding,
Political Science Quarterly, vol 119,: 1, pp. 61-88
Mitchell, P.
1995. 'Party competition in an ethnic dual party system', Ethnic and Racial
Studies vol 18: 4, 773-96
Moghadam, A. 2009. 'Motives for Martyrdom
Al-Qaida, Salafi Jihad, and the Spread of Suicide Attacks,' International
Security, 33, 3, pp. 46 - 63
Seymour, Lee.
2008. “Fragmentation in Civil Wars: The Micropolitics of Insurgency and
Factional Conflict in Sudan.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the
International Studies Association, 26-29 March.
Staniland, Paul.
Forthcoming. Explaining Cohesion, Fragmentation, and Control in Ethnic Insurgent
and Paramilitary Groups. PhD dissertation, Political Science Department, MIT.
Essay Question
·
'Ethnic identity is
irrelevant when it comes to explaining civil violence on the ground'. Do you
agree?