Recommended:

*Wimmer, Andreas. 2018. Nation-Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart. (Princeton: Princeton University Press)

*Weber , Eugen Joseph. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: the modernization of rural Fran ce , 1870-1914. ( Stanford University Press: Stanford , California ) - 944.081 WEB [PC]

*Brubaker , Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press) - 320.540947 BRU

*Mosse , George L.1991. The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars through the Third Reich ( Ithaca : Cornell University Press) - RAVk [Mos]

Kuzio, Taras, 2001. "‘Nationalising states’ or nation-building? a critical review of the theoretical literature and empirical evidence.", Nations and Nationalism, 7:2, pp. 135-154

Nora , Pierre . 1996. 'Between Memory and History , ' in P. Nora and L. Kritzman (eds) , Realms of memory: Rethinking the French Past ( New York , NY : Columbia University Press) , vol. 1 (introduction)

Mosse , George L. 1990. Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars ( New York and Oxford : Oxford University Press) - 303.66094 MOS

Bell , David A. 2001. The Cult of the Nation in Fran ce : Inventing Nationalism , 1680-1800 ( Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press) - 320.540944 BEL

Neuberger , Benjamin. 1977. 'State and Nation in African Thought , ' Journal of African Studies 4/2 – [JNIS]

Spillman , Lynette P. 1997. Nation and Commemoration : creating national identities in the United States and Australia ( Cambridge : CUP) – [ NIS ]

*Colley , Linda. 1992. Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837 ( New Haven and London : Yale University Press) - 941.07 COL

*Bodnar , John. 2000. 'Pierre Nora , National Memory , and Democracy: A Review , ' The Journal of American History , Vol. 87 , No.3  - [JNIS]

Bruckmüller , Ernst. 1993 , 1994. 'The National Identity of the Austrians , ' in Teich , M. and R. Porter (eds) , The National Question in Europe ( Cambridge & New York : Cambridge University Press) , pp. 206-228 - slc RAVd [Tei] [PC]

Birch , A. H. 1989. Nationalism and national integration , ( London : Unwin Hyman) - [ NIS ]

O’Leary , Cecilia Elizabeth. 2001. To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism. ( Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press)

Greenfeld , Liah. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity ( Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press) , pp. 154-88

Essay Question

·        How do states attempt to instil state-nationalism in their populations?

6. Multi-Ethnic States: Multi-Ethnic Nations and Multi-National States

Required:

Connor, Walker. 1994. 'A Nation is a Nation, is a State, is an Ethnic Group, is a ...,' in John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith (eds.), Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 36-45 - 320.54 NAT

Smith, Anthony D. 1991. National Identity, (London: Penguin) ch. 5. ('Nations by Design?') - slc 320.54 SMI [PC]

Case 1: U.S.A.

Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations, (New York: Elsevier) pp. 209-225 - slc 305.8 FRA [PC]

Case 2: Russia

Pipes, R. 1964. 'The National Problem in Russia,' in T. Riha (ed), Readings in Russian Civilisation (Chicago & London: self published) - [PC]

Recommended:

*Kymlicka, W. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship, (Oxford: Oxford University Press) ch.2 - 323.11 KYM

*Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations, (New York: Elsevier) chs. 6, 8 - slc 305.8 FRA [PC]

*Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations, (New York: Elsevier) pp. 19-24 (Tswana), ch 8 (Europe), chs 17-18 (USA) - slc 305.8 FRA [PC]

Kitromilides, P. 1996. 'Orthodoxy and Nationalism,' in Smith, A.D. & Hutchinson, J. (eds), Ethnicity (Oxford: OUP), pp. 202-8 - 305.8 ETH

*Zimmer, Oliver. 2003. Nationalism in Europe: 1890-1940 (London: Palgrave/Macmillan), chs 3 and 4 - 320.54094 ZIM [PC]

Krejci, J. and Velimsky, V. 1996. 'Ethnic and Political Nations in Europe,' in Smith, A.D. & Hutchinson, J. (eds), Ethnicity (Oxford: OUP), pp. 209-21 - 305.8 ETH

Schöpflin, George. 1991. 'National Identity in the Soviet Union and East Central Europe,' Ethnic and Racial Studies, 14, 1 - CE Library - I33 & Reference

Schöpflin, George. 1993. Politics in Eastern Europe 1945-1992 (Oxford: Blackwell) - 320.947 SCH

Stalin, J. 1936. Marxism and the National and Colonial Question (London: M. Lawrence) - 320.540947 STA

Gagnon, Alain-G. and M. Guibernau (eds). 2003. The conditions of diversity in multinational democracies (Montreal : Institute for Research on Public Policy) - [NIS]

Guibernau, M. and John Rex (eds). 2010. The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration (Cambridge: Polity, 2nd ed), part II - 305.8 ETH

Balthazar, Louis. 1995. 'Towards a New Citizenship: The Dynamics of Multi-Ethnicity in French-Speaking Québec.' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1, no. 3, pp. 82-95. - Reference only

Henders, Susan J 1997. ‘Cantonisation: historical paths to territorial autonomy for regional cultural communities’, Nations and Nationalism, vol. 3, part 4, December 1997, pp. 521-40- INGENTA

Shulman, Stephen. 1998. 'National Integration and Foreign Policy in Multiethnic States,' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 4, no. 4 (1998): 110-132. - Reference only

Maddens, B and K. Vanden Berghe. 2003. 'The Identity Politics of Multicultural Nationalism: A comparison between the regular public addresses of the Belgian and the Spanish monarchs (1990-2000),' European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 601-627 - SwetsWise

Essay Question

·        Why are many, if not most, states multi-national?

7.  National Identity: Ethnic or Civic?

Required:

Smith , Anthony. 1991. National Identity , ( London : Penguin), pp. 8-18, 79-84 - slc 320.54 SMI [PC]

Janmaat, J. 2006. 'Popular conceptions of nationhood in old and new European member states: Partial support for the ethnic-civic framework', Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 29 No. 1 January, pp. 50-78

Case: SE Asia

Kreuzer, Peter. 2006. 'Violent civic nationalism versus civil ethnic nationalism: Contrasting Indonesia and Malay(si)a', National Identities, Vol. 8, No. 1, March, pp. 41-59

Recommended:

*Kohn , Hans. 1944. The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background , ( New York : Macmillan) -  320.5409 KOH

*Plamenatz , John 1973. ‘Two Types of Nationalism, ’ in Eugene Kamenka (ed) Nationalism: the Nature and Evolution of an Idea ( Canberra : Australian National Press) – [ NIS ]

*Brubaker , Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany ( Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press)  - 323.60944 BRU

*Kuzio, Taras. 2002. ‘The myth of the civic state: a critical survey of Hans Kohn’s framework for understanding nationalism’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 20–39 - INGENTA

*Yack , Bernard. 1996. 'The myth of the civic nation' , Critical Review , vol. 10 , nº 2 , pp. 193 – [JNIS]

Alter , Peter. 1985. 'Cultural and Political Nations , ' in Alter , P. Nationalism ( London : Edward Arnold) , pp. 8-12 -  RAV [Alt]

Shulman , S. 2002. 'Challenging the ethnic/civic and West/East dichotomies in the study of nationalism , ' Comparative Political Studies , vol. 35 , no. 5 , pp. 554-85  – [JNIS]

Nielsen , Kai. 1999. ‘Cultural nationalism , neither ethnic nor civic’ in Ronald Beiner (ed) , Theorizing Nationalism , ( Albany : State University of New York Press) , pp. 119-30 – [ NIS ]

Hewitson , Mark and Timothy Baycroft (eds.). 2004. Nationalism in Europe 1789-1914: Civic and Ethnic Traditions ( Oxford : Oxford University Press) - [ NIS ]

Zimmer, O. 2003. 'Boundary mechanisms and symbolic resources: towards a process- oriented approach to national identity', Nations and nationalism, Apr 2003, Vol.9, No.2, pp.173-193- INGENTA

Kaufmann, Eric. 2000.  ‘Ethnic or civic nation? Theorizing the American case’ , Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, vol. 27, nos. 1-2, pp. 133-55 - [JNIS]

Roshwald, Aviel. 2006. The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), ch. 5

Meadwell, H. 1988. 'Cultural and Instrumental Approaches to Ethnic Nationalism,' Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.12. - CE Library - I33 & Reference

Shulman, Stephen. 2004. ‘The contours of civic and ethnic national identification in Ukraine’, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 35-56 - INGENTA

Shulman S. 2002. ‘Sources of Civic and Ethnic Nationalism in Ukraine’, The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, December, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1-30 - INGENTA

*Hjerm , Mikael. 2003.  ‘National sentiments in Eastern and Western Europe ’ , Nationalities Papers , vol. 31 , no. 4 , pp. 413-29 - [PC]

Ignatieff , Michael. 1994. Blood and Belonging. Journeys into the New Nationalism , ( London : Vintage) - 320.54 IGN

Smith , Anthony. 1991. National Identity , ( London : Penguin) ch.6 - slc 320.54 SMI [PC]  

Wiborg , Susanne. 2000.  Political and cultural nationalism in education. The ideas of Rousseau and Herder concerning national education , ' Comparative Education , vol. 36 , no. 2 , pp. 235-43 - [JNIS]

Behr , Michelle et al. 2002.  'Who is Hungarian? Attitudes toward immigration , ethnicity and nationality in rural Hungary , ' East European Quarterly , vol. 36 , no. 3 , pp. 281-99 – Reference only

Bauman , Zygmunt ‘Intellectuals in East-Central Europe : Continuity and Change , ’ East European Politics and Societies , vol.1 , no.2 (Spring 1987) , pp. 162-186- [JNIS]

*Kaufmann, E. and O. Zimmer. 2004. 'Dominant ethnicity' and the 'ethnic-civic' dichotomy in the work of Anthony D. Smith,' Nations and Nationalism, Jan-Apr 2004, Vol.10, No.1-2, pp.63-78 (see Zimmer's contribution on ethnic-civic) - INGENTA

Greenfeld, Liah and Chirot, Daniel. 1994.  'Nationalism and aggression,' Theory and society, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 79-103 - JSTOR

Schöpflin, George. 2000. Nations, identity, power : the new politics of Europe (London: Hurst) - 320.54094 SCH

Kaufmann, E. P. 2002. 'The Ethnic Origins of the American Nation,' Geopolitics, vol. 7, no. 2 (Autumn 2002), pp. 99-120 – [JNIS]  

Kaufmann , E. 1998. ' "Naturalizing the Nation": the Rise of Naturalistic Nationalism in the United States and Canada , ' Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol. 40 , no. 4 , pp. 666-695

Kaufmann , E. and O. Zimmer. 1998. 'In Search of the Authentic Nation: Landscape and National Identity in Canada and Switzerland , ' Nations & Nationalism , vol. 4 , part 4 , pp. 483-510

Huntington , S. 2004. Who Are We? The Cultural Core of American National Identity ( New York & London : Simon and Schuster) , ch. 9 ('Mexican Immigration and Hispanicization')

Krejci, Yaroslav and Velimsky, Viteslav. 1981. Ethnic and Political Nations in Europe (London: Croom Helm) – [NIS]

Essay Question

·        'All national identities have ethnic and civic elements'. Do you agree?

8. When Does Nationalism Become Secessionist?: Secession and Irridentism

Required:

Horowitz, D. 1994. 'The Logic of Secessions,' in Smith, Anthony and John Hutchinson (eds), Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 261-68 - 320.54 NAT

Mayall, J. 1994. 'Irredentist and Secessionist Challenges,' in Smith, Anthony and John Hutchinson (eds), Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 269-79 - 320.54 NAT

Case 1: Soviet Union

Lieven, D. and J. McGarry. 1993. 'Ethnic Conflict in the Soviet Union and its successor states,' in O'Leary, B. & John McGarry (eds). 1993. The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation (New York & London: Routledge), pp. 62-83  - slc KDJ [Mac] [PC]

Case 2: Sikhs in India

Singh, Gurhapal. 1993. 'Ethnic Conflict in India: a case study of Punjab,' in O'Leary, B. & John McGarry (eds). 1993. The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation (New York & London: Routledge), pp. 84-105  - slc KDJ [Mac] [PC]

Recommended:

Causes of Secession & Secessionist and Irridentist Mobilisation

*Horowitz, Donald L. 1985 Ethnic Groups in Conflict, (Berkeley: University of California Press) ch. 6   - 305.8 HOR – [PC]

*Hale, Henry. 2008. The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World (Cambridge: CUP), esp. ch. 4

*Smith, Anthony D. 1991 National Identity (London: Penguin 1991) ch. 6: Separatism and multi-nationalism, pp. 123-42 - slc 320.54 SMI [PC]

*Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations, (New York, NY: Elsevier Scientific) pp. 107-15 - slc 305.8 FRA [PC]

*Gurr, T. and B. Harff. 2003. Ethnic conflict in world politics (2nd ed) (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), chs. 5-6  - KDJ [Gur]

Byrne, Sean and Cynthia L. Irvin. 2000. Reconcilable Differences: Turning Points in Ethnopolitical Conflicts (West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press) - 305.8 REC

Grove, Andrea. 2001. "Theory, Perception, and Leadership Agency: A Multiple Processing Model of Nationalist Mobilization." Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 7, no. 2, pp.1-32- Reference only

Marwell, Gerald , and Pamela Oliver. 1993. The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Micro-Social Theory  (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) – [NIS]

Ambrosio, T. 2001. Irridentism: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics (New York, NY: Praeger) – [NIS]

Harff, Barbara and Ted Robert Gurr (1998). 'Systematic Early Warning of Humanitarian Emergencies,' Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 551-579 - JSTOR

Paul, Rachel Anderson. 2000. "Grassroots Mobilization and Diaspora Politics." Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 6, no. 1, pp. 24-47- Reference only

Conversi, Daniele. 2002. ‘Central Secession: Towards a new analytical concept? The case of former Yugoslavia’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (JEMS), vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 333-356 – [JNIS]

Hechter, Michael. 2000. Containing Nationalism (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press) - 320.54 HEC

Cases of Secessionist and Irridentist Mobilisation

Vujacic, V. 1996. 'Historical legacies, nationalist mobilization, and political outcomes in Russia and Serbia: A Weberian View,' Theory & Society, 25 – Reference only

Cohen, B. J. 1993. Broken Bonds: Yugoslavia's Disintegration and Balkan Politics in Transition (Boulder, CO: Westview Press) – [NIS]

*Glenny, Misha. 1996. The Fall of Yugoslavia (London: Penguin) - 949.703 GLE

*Rothchild, Donald. 1995. 'Ethnic Bargaining and State Breakdown in Africa,' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1, no. 1 (1995): 54-72. - Reference only

Irvin, Cynthia L. 1999. Militant Nationalism: Between Movement and Party in Ireland and the Basque Country (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) – [NIS]

*Conversi, Daniele. 1997. The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilization (London: Hurst) - 320.540946 CON

Hilal Hkashan and Michel Nehme. 1996. 'The Making of Stalled National Movements: Evidence from Southern Sudan and Northern Iraq,' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2, no. 1 (1996): 111-140  - Reference only

Freij, Hanna Yousif. 1997. 'Tribal Identity and Alliance Behaviour among Factions of the Kurdish National Movement in Iraq,' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 86-107  - Reference only

Frombgen, Elizabeth. 'A Preliminary Model of Secession, Ethnic Conflict and Violence in Tatarstan and Chechnya: The Role of the State,' Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 5, no. 2 (1999): 91-117- Reference only

Quantitative Analyses: Predicting Secession

*Gurr, T. R., & Moore, W.H. 1997. 'Ethnopolitical Rebellion: A cross-sectional analysis of the 1980s with risk assessments for the 1990s,' American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 41, pp. 1079-1103 - JSTOR

*Saideman, S. and W. Ayres. 2000. 'Determining the Causes of Irridentism: Logit Analyses of Minorities at Risk Data from the 1980s and 1990s', Journal of Politics, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 1126-1144 - JSTOR

Jonathan Fox. 2002. 'Ethnic Minorities and the Clash of Civilizations: A Quantitative Analysis of Huntington’s Thesis,' British Journal of Political Science, 32 (3), July, pp. 415-434 - SwetsWise

Michael Johns (2002). "Assessing Risk Assessment: A Baltic Test," Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 8 (1). - Reference only

*Saideman, Stephen M., David Lanoue, Michael Campenni, and Samuel Stanton. 2002. 'Democratization, Political Institutions, and Ethnic Conflict: A Pooled, Cross-Sectional Time Series Analysis from 1985-1998’, Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 103-129 – [JNIS]

Ayres, R. W. and Stephen M. Saideman. 2000. 'Is Separatism as Contagious as the Common Cold or as Cancer? Testing the International and Domestic Determinants of Secessionism,' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 92-114  - Reference only

Essay Question

·        What factors tend to promote secession and irridentism?